Deep varicose veins are a very unpleasant and extremely dangerous lesion of the venous vessels of the circulatory system.
Varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower extremities is a pathology extending to the vessels passing through the muscular structures of the legs.Elongation and expansion of venous vessels significantly disrupts blood flow and leads to the formation and progression of thrombosis.
The danger of this disease is the high probability of a blood clot formed in a vessel wall and transported to the pulmonary artery.
When this disease occurs, an irreversible process of elongation and expansion of venous vessels occurs.As the process progresses, a thinning of the venous wall is observed, and congestion occurs, which prevents blood from flowing through the veins.
Often, people aged 30-40 years and older are susceptible to this disease.
Causes of the development of varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower extremities
The causes of the appearance and development of the disease can be various unfavorable factors.Varicose veins of the deep veins are the result of a serious disturbance in the blood circulation process in a certain area of the lower extremities.
As the disease progresses, the patient may develop gangrene, which can lead to gangrene, a condition that requires amputation of the affected limb.
In addition, varicose veins can provoke deformation of the muscles of the lower extremities, and the formation of a blood clot with its possible subsequent detachment and transport to the pulmonary artery can be ineffective.
The main factors that contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder are:
- the presence of a genetically determined hereditary tendency that causes congenital pathologies and weakness of the cells of the walls of the venous vessels;
- Gender - Women get sick more often than men due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, the onset of menopause and the use of hormonal drugs and contraceptives;
- The presence of increased venous pressure in the patient, decreased mobility and an increase in the degree of static overload when the body is in an upright position for a long time and with excess body weight;
In addition, the causes of the disease may be:
- Regularly increased load on the limbs.
- Serious disturbances in the functioning of the immune system.
- Constant compression of blood vessels when wearing tight shoes.
- Being overweight or obese.
- The development of various forms of dermatitis.
- Results of surgical interventions.
- The lower extremities are subjected to increased static loading.
- Abuse of alcoholic beverages and smoking.
In addition, cellulite can lead to the development of pathology.
At the first suspicion of the disease, a visit to a qualified phlebolist allows to identify the disease in time.
The main symptoms of deep vein varicose veins
At the initial stage of most progress, the disease is manifested by the appearance of a long-lasting static load or a feeling of slight fatigue in the legs during a long walk.In addition, slight swelling of the tissues of the extremities is visible during this period.
Often, these symptoms of the disorder appear at the end of daylight and gradually disappear with prolonged rest.When these symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a phlebologist and conduct special studies to determine and clarify the presence of pathology.
The use of laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods allows us to determine the degree of development of the disease and make a decision on the use of a timely and adequate course of treatment for the disease.As the disease progresses, it is transferred to more advanced stages characterized by the appearance of all the symptoms and signs characteristic of a progressive disease.
The advanced stages of the pathology are characterized by the appearance of the following symptoms:
- severe pain in the legs in the evening and at night;
- the appearance of constant swelling of soft tissues and weight in the lower extremities;
- The presence of constant swelling of soft tissues leads to an increase in the size of the limbs;
- The patient experiences frequent cramps in the calf region, such events occur in most cases;
- The skin in the affected areas turns blue on the extremities;
- During physical stress on the legs, legs, thighs and legs have the appearance of pathologically affected venous protrusions.
Further development of the disease leads to the appearance of small wounds that cannot heal for a long time and can later turn into trophic ulcers.
In the absence of appropriate and timely treatment, the patient's development of the disease can be fatal.The progression of varicose veins leads to the gradual deformation of muscle structures and the appearance of negative changes in the skin and bone mass.
With long-term progress, the patient develops symptoms of eczema and develops trophic ulcers that can turn into gangrene.Causing sepsis or death.
In venous vessels affected by varicose veins, the process of thrombus formation develops.The blood clot formed as a result of this period can be cut and transported through the circulatory system.
When a blood clot enters a pulmonary artery, it becomes blocked and the person dies.
Basic diagnostic methods
An experienced phlebologist, the photo of the feet is also clearly visible, even after a detailed examination of the disease and a detailed study of the disease, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the body, the characteristics are selected individually, but the methods of treatment of the disease are selected individually.
Laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are used to determine the development and development stage of the disease.Laboratory methods include general blood and urine tests.
The most common instrumental diagnostic method is to use ultrasound examination of the venous vessels of the legs.This technique allows you to visualize the vascular system and determine the degree of progress of the pathological process.
In addition, if necessary, the attending physician:
- Phlebography.
- Photoplethysmography.
The use of venous occlusion allows determining the volume of blood in the veins of the lower extremities.
Only after a comprehensive examination and results are obtained, the patient is prescribed an appropriate course of treatment.
Modern medicine offers several options for the treatment of the disease - drug, non-drug and surgical.
In parallel with this, after consulting your doctor, you can use alternative and traditional treatment methods at home.
Treatment of deep vein varicose veins
The most reliable way to treat the disease is surgery.The use of drug treatment in the form of special ointments and gels for external use can play a fundamental role, and in fact supportive therapy.
The use of drug therapy includes the use of several types of drugs in the treatment process - anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, venotonic and fibrinolytic action.
Anticoagulants thin the blood and prevent blood clots from forming.Anti-inflammatory drugs help to eliminate inflammatory processes in the walls of venous vessels.Venotonics help to increase the tone of the vascular walls, and fibrinolytics cause small clots and help to clean the venous bed.
Thanks to the use of drugs, such manifestations as swelling of the disease most often disappear;In addition, there is an improvement in the condition of the superficial skin.The main condition for the use of drugs is strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations and compliance with the doses of the drugs taken.
Surgery is recommended to treat varicose veins completely.
In addition, in the absence of positive dynamics during drug therapy, surgical methods are used.
The most common methods of surgical treatment of pathology are:
- Sclerotherapy;
- phlebectomy;
- laser coagulation.
Sclerotherapy involves the use of special substances during the procedure - sclerosants, during the procedure leading to gluing the lumen of the affected vessel and the walls of the vessel.This procedure allows you to remove the venous vessel from the circulatory system, which prevents the development of pathology.This method is used very rarely in case of a severe violation.
Phlebectomy involves removing the affected area of a venous vessel.Most often, this method is used to identify lesions of superficial veins, but in some cases it is applied in the treatment of deep venous veins of the extremities.
Laser coagulation is a type of minimally invasive surgical intervention and is performed using a laser;This allows the vascular system to be removed from the circulatory system by sticking it under the influence of laser radiation.This method of treatment received the most positive feedback from patients because it is almost painless and does not require a long recovery period.
The use of surgical treatment methods allows to completely get rid of the characteristic symptoms of deep varicose veins.The choice of surgical technique depends on the degree of development of the pathology, individual characteristics of the patient and is carried out by the attending physician.